Floaters are shapes which people can see drifting across their vision. The exact form of these is very variable – they may appear as small dots or irregularly shaped strands. At Zacks London Eye Clinic we recommend that new floaters are investigated urgently with a dilated retinal examination.
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What causes floaters
The eye is filled by a jelly-like substance, the vitreous. As the vitreous ages, strands of a protein called collagen become visible within it. These strands swirl gently when the eye moves, giving rise to the perception of floaters.
In some people, usually over the age of 40, the vitreous can separate from the retina. When this happens it tugs on the retina, causing the eye to see flashes of bright white light. An increase in floaters is usually seen at the same time. This is called posterior vitreous detachment. Occasionally, when the vitreous detaches from the retina it can cause retinal holes or tears which may lead to retinal detachment.
Are Floaters Serious?
Generally people should not be concerned about seeing one or two floaters in their vision, particularly if they have been there for some time. A sudden increase in the number of floaters, can be a sign of sight threatening retinal detachment. If you see this you should make an urgent appointment for an eye examination or go to A&E.
Can Floaters be Removed?
It is technically possible to remove floaters by performing an operation to remove the vitreous; a vitrectomy. Unfortunately, this operation carries significant risks to sight because of the possible complications, which include retinal detachment and cataract. Most eye surgeons are therefore reluctant to recommend this surgery unless there is a threat to sight.
